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	<title>Full Circle</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php" />
	<modified>2013-05-23T16:48:07Z</modified>
	<author>
		<name>William Eunice</name>
	</author>
	<copyright>Copyright 2013, William Eunice</copyright>
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	<entry>
		<title>Severe Weather Scout</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry120224-224219" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Just in case anyone was interested what I have been up to these days. First and foremost I have been busy with a few career moves. I am stable there so that has given me a chance to clean up some projects I had been working on for the past few years ... <br /><br />One of them is the weather pages have littered this blog for ages. I found out I started developing it back in May 2008. See <a href="index.php?entry=entry080531-223337" target="_blank" >Did some weather nerd coding today</a>. Then I posted on my <a href="index.php?entry=entry090331-141507" target="_blank" >Weather Underground recolor effort</a> and then a final <a href="index.php?entry=entry080926-114851" target="_blank" >page in action post.</a><br /><br />Then I took a LONG break. <br /><br />About a year ago I started it all back up, used it as an excuse to learn about JQuery and decided to make a page that is more &quot;real time&quot;. The result is Weather Scout. I have made numerous enhancements to the logic that detects hail sizes and wind speeds. The result looks something like this:<br /><br /><a href="http://wxscout.com" target="_blank" ><a href="javascript:openpopup('images/wxscout0.png',655,663,false);"><img src="images/wxscout0.png" width="500" height="506" border="0" alt="" /></a></a><br /><br /><a href="http://wxscout.com" target="_blank" ><a href="javascript:openpopup('images/wxscout1.png',709,750,false);"><img src="images/wxscout1.png" width="500" height="529" border="0" alt="" /></a></a><br /><br />Anyway, feel free to share it with your friends. Go to <a href="http://wxscout.com" target="_blank" >SEVERE WEATHER SCOUT - wxscout.com</a><br /><br />Still not planning on continuing blogging but just in case this is stuck in your old feeds somewhere I figured you might want to know. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry120224-224219</id>
		<issued>2012-02-25T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2012-02-25T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>October 5, 2008 was Father Seelos Day in Louisiana</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100930-151414" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="http://www.thecatholicconnection.org/wpfiles/?p=493" target="_blank" >Father Seelos Day in Louisiana</a> -- Remember him this upcoming Oct 5th. <br /><br />“I, Bobby Jindal, Governor of the State of Louisiana, do hereby proclaim October 5, 2008 as Father Seelos Day in the State of Louisiana.”<br /><br />Find out more about this Holy Man at <a href="http://seelos.org/" target="_blank" >Seelos.org</a><br /><br />(HT) <a href="http://opinionatedcatholic.blogspot.com/2010/09/louisiana-catholics-on-oct-5th-to.html" target="_blank" >Opinionated Catholic</a>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100930-151414</id>
		<issued>2010-09-30T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-09-30T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Professions and their effect on divorce rates</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100930-095523" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="http://calcatholic.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?id=3854fc6c-80e9-4fba-bba4-7788a0554e1d" target="_blank" >This is a fascinating article</a><br /><br />Some highlights:<br />High divorce rates amongst the performing arts<br />High divorce rates for those in caregiving fields where irregular hours are common and night shifts are the norm<br />Low divorce rates for engineers<br /><br />Now to piggyback on the post I made recently regarding <a href="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100924-145543" target="_blank" >people being treated as commodities.</a><blockquote>Fitzgibbons also called attention to employers&#039; responsibility to be mindful of their employees&#039; family lives -- not as a luxury, but as the foundation of society. “Employers,” he emphasized, “should commit themselves more to the common good and the virtue of solidarity rather than to greed.” </blockquote>There are dire consequences to society as a whole for treating people without consideration to their family lives. <br /><br />(HT) to <a href="http://www.catholicdadsonline.org/" target="_blank" >Catholic Dads</a><br />]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100930-095523</id>
		<issued>2010-09-30T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-09-30T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Treating people as commodities</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100924-145543" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[OK, its pretty clear I have not posted on this blog in ages and there has been a good reason for that. I have been looking for a job. I have not been unemployed but I have had the threat of unemployment hovering over my head for over a year. That ended earlier this week as I will be transitioning to a new company and a new part of Louisiana. Throughout the process a few things struck me but I want to focus on one of them. <br /><br /><b>Too many people are willing to treat you solely as a commodity.</b> <br /><br />Let me give you a prime example of what I am referring to. I had a recruiter send me a job listing that matched my skill set very well. I expressed interest in the work. I also indicated that I strongly preferred longer term work. The recruiter told me that the job &quot;might go contract to hire&quot; so I forwarded them my updated resume. They had me fill out a skills assessment that they also forwarded to the company. I got the interview. During the interview I asked about contract to hire (after all I was told it was a possibility). This eliminated me from consideration despite performing well on all other aspects of the interview. I didn&#039;t have a problem with that. After all, I wasn&#039;t a match for them and I was going to be miserable moving my family 1200 miles away only to turn around in 6-9 months and move them right back. I received a letter with the notes from the interview and a nastygram chastising me for asking about contract to hire. I was further told that they wouldn&#039;t have submitted me if had they known that. The problem is they DID know that. I made that very clear in our first correspondence. I also noticed that the skills assessment was modified before sending it to the company to make me look more experienced than I was. It was profoundly evident to me that they were not interested in a legitimate match. They had no desire to make the client happy. They had no desire to place me in a job I was qualified for. Their goal was to collect a commission and I satisfied the warm body with JUST enough skills to get through the interview. I had to wonder if the purpose of the post interview followup was so that they could get the next person to answer the interview questions correctly even if they were not really qualified enough for the work. <br /><br />This process sadly wasn&#039;t uncommon over the past year. There were countless times where I would tell a recruiter that I had 2 years of experience in one skill only to see it typed in as 3 or 4 years on the letter they sent to their client. There were even more times where it was clear my resume wasn&#039;t even read. All they saw was C# on there and never noted that all I have done in C# is debug some code and manage a project where it was used to develop a few small helper applications. Understanding where it fit came from reading my resume, not scanning it with a keyword tool. In this process too often I was made to feel like a commodity. I was not a person with a family. I was not a person with likes and dislikes. I was not a person at all. I was a resume. I was the result of a keyword search. I was a collection of skills. I was a commission. <br /><br />I am a person though and persons should not be treated as a commodity. <br /><br />I want to point out that I did have great interviews with recruiters and companies. I would still be looking for work otherwise. I had people show interest in my background and ask good questions about what I had done, where I was from and what I am interested in. They wanted to know the person because that is what they are hiring. I sincerely appreciate all the people during this past year that granted me my dignity during the job search process. May all of you hire the best and most talented people out there.  <br /><br />On an ending note, yesterday a real estate agent uttered the following cliche to my wife -- &quot;It&#039;s all about the money you know&quot;. <br /><br />No, it&#039;s not and that is precisely the problem. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100924-145543</id>
		<issued>2010-09-24T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-09-24T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Glenn Beck doesn&#039;t know what he is talking about</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100614-133825" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[It becomes clearer and clearer every day. <a href="http://markshea.blogspot.com/2010/06/benefits-of-glenn-beck-education.html" target="_blank" >Mark Shea does the dirty work.</a><br /><br />Here Mark skewers the lie that Obama claimed in Audacity of Hope that he would stand with Muslims if things took an ugly turn by, get this, quoting the ACTUAL text. <br /><br />The same blog post then links to his recent <a href="http://www.ncregister.com/blog/but_i_learn_so_much_from_glenn_beck" target="_blank" >&quot;But I Learn So Much from Glenn Beck&quot;</a> which demonstrates Beck&#039;s atrocious treatment of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Council of Nicea.<br /><br />It is almost a daily thing that someone is hammering Beck for his history lessons and they are not all liberal hacks who have it out for conservatism and the Constitution. <br /><br />You criticize your opponents on bad policy and facts. Glenn Beck makes stuff up and his viewers by and large trust that he knows what he is talking about. Sometimes he does. But all too often he does not. Beck is dangerous to conservatism, especially of the mold that demands rigor in ensuring that debate is about reality and not about a conjured up world based on storytelling and twisting history. For whatever good he has done (especially with ACORN)  he is discrediting himself and his viewers.  <br /><br />--Adding this to the ignorant hit job he did on &quot;social justice&quot; <br />And <a href="http://blog.american.com/?p=7372" target="_blank" >Charles Murray</a> who busts Beck putting a fake Thomas Jefferson quote on his blackboard. <blockquote>To put it another way, I as a viewer have no way to judge whether Beck is right. I have to trust that the snippets are not taken out of context, that the dubious association between A and B actually has evidence to support it, and that his numbers are accurate. It is impossible to have that trust.</blockquote>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100614-133825</id>
		<issued>2010-06-14T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-06-14T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Caller angry at the weatherman over severe weather coverage</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100526-094256" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Or ... television, the true American idol<br /><br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/wZJdhmsfbPg&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/wZJdhmsfbPg&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><br />Listen to this and ask yourself:<br /><br />How would we fare as a nation if all of the sudden a solar flare took out 80% of the grid in this country?<br /><br />I have to defend weathermen here. This is a case of public safety -- the greater good. You may THINK that they are just saying &quot;look at me&quot; during a tornado outbreak because it is crystal clear outside your house. They are not. Many weathermen have worked ridiculous hours to deliver timely information to the public about threats that affect them. Isolated supercells are particularly dangerous. It is not unusual to read accounts of some of the most historically violent storms coming out of nowhere on a sunny day to destroy lives. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100526-094256</id>
		<issued>2010-05-26T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-05-26T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>How hard is it to ask the question?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100521-131839" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[You see your political peers aiming to solve legitimate problems by granting themselves power that is unprecedented in the history of this nation. <br /><br />How hard is it to stop for a moment and ask yourself if you really like the nation with your political opponents wielding the same power?]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100521-131839</id>
		<issued>2010-05-21T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-05-21T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>The winds of conservative curriculum change</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100520-132022" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/13/education/13texas.html" target="_blank" >Texas Conservatives Win Curriculum Change</a><br /><br />It won&#039;t be long before some liberal parents will sue and say that the schools have no right to teach their kids something that they disagree with.<br /><br />The juicy irony is that liberals applied the following in the service of their OWN policy preferences in California. I quote from the Ninth Circuits decision on the somewhat famous <a href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry071018-230015" target="_blank" >&quot;sex survey&quot;</a> case<blockquote>We conclude only that the parents are possessed of no constitutional right to prevent the public schools from providing information on that subject to their students in any forum or manner they select.</blockquote>Including text books right? So as it goes in the courts liberal states are free to teach liberalism and conservative states are free to teach conservatism. Got it!<br /><br />To be thrilled with the Ninth circuit decision and indignant about what is going on in Texas tells me one thing. This isn&#039;t about how to apply the law according to a consistent political philosophy. It is about propaganda control. They want the LAW to make the conservative case go away. <br /><br />Now since liberal parents in Texas will want to educate their children accordingly, how about joining with conservatives everywhere else to support vouchers and homeschooling?]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100520-132022</id>
		<issued>2010-05-20T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-05-20T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Why do some disasters slip under the radar?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100505-163739" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2010_Tennessee_floods" target="_blank" >This is a tragedy.</a> Many prayers go out to those in Tennessee and other affected areas. <br /><br />I cannot tell you how many major weather events have gone underreported in the years since Katrina including the 3rd costliest hurricane in American history (Ike), flooding to two major southern cities (Nashville, Atlanta), numerous significant tornadoes (including two EF-5&#039;s), a widespread derecho that brought 100+mph winds to Illinois, the most intense hurricane to make landfall in North America (Dean) and a hurricane caused landslide in Mexico that buried a town killing well over 1000 (Stan). <br /><br />All of these should have grabbed headlines -- especially Ike in my estimation. One day I hope that reporting on human suffering replaces reporting on human suffering used as cash in the big political game we call American politics.<br /><br />Then again, the why sometimes has a simple explanation. Do you know who the first woman to fly across the English Channel was? Harriet Quimby. Her feat was rendered mute by the fact that the RMS Titanic sank the previous day. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100505-163739</id>
		<issued>2010-05-05T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-05-05T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Raphael - Transfiguration</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100505-075555" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/images/large/raphael_transfiguration_l4.jpg',1067,1608,false);"><img src="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/images/large/raphael_transfiguration_l4.jpg" width="500" height="754" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />1516-1520<br />oil on wood<br />405 cm × 278 cm (159 in × 109 in)<br />Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican City<br /><br />The fourth Luminous mystery]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100505-075555</id>
		<issued>2010-05-05T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-05-05T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Uncivil discourse</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100429-123518" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[A friend of mine on Facebook was lamenting about the state of discussion in this country. His example involved liberals pointing out the absolute biggest morons amongst the ranks of conservatives as evidence of complete rot and stupidity in the entire movement. No place has this been more obvious than some of the over the top slanders of the Tea Party. He finished up his post with the following quote<blockquote>Real discourse engages the best-stated opposing argument, rather than just mocking the worst, which is corrosive to public life.</blockquote>And this is true but it isn&#039;t limited to Democrats.<br /><br />A majority of my friends are conservative. I have some liberal friends but by and large I find myself in the presence of an Obama outburst far more often than an angry Bush tirade. Therefore I am prone to see this happen amongst conservatives more than liberals. Amongst my conservative contacts the number of rants, threads, posts and blog entries outlining the sheer stupidity of some wingnut as evidence of broad stupidity amongst liberals as a whole is equally unfair -- or as my friend said &quot;corrosive to public life&quot;. <br /><br />Quite frankly this is why I have a strong distaste for talk radio. It takes the positions of opponents and then engages in rash judgment about how they are evil socialists who hate America and are aiming to destroy America so they can remake it in their image. It is a narrative that gets people emotionally riled up. It is a narrative that will certainly prompt phone calls.<br /><br />As Catholics though, is it right to participate in these rash judgments? The CCC deals with rash judgment as follows<blockquote>2477 Respect for the reputation of persons forbids every attitude and word likely to cause them unjust injury.278 He becomes guilty:<br /><br />- of rash judgment who, even tacitly, assumes as true, without sufficient foundation, the moral fault of a neighbor; ...<br /><br />2478 To avoid rash judgment, everyone should be careful to interpret insofar as possible his neighbor&#039;s thoughts, words, and deeds in a favorable way:<br /><br /><b>Every good Christian ought to be more ready to give a favorable interpretation to another&#039;s statement than to condemn it. But if he cannot do so, let him ask how the other understands it. And if the latter understands it badly, let the former correct him with love. If that does not suffice, let the Christian try all suitable ways to bring the other to a correct interpretation so that he may be saved.280 </b> <a href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p3s2c2a8.htm" target="_blank" >(source)</a></blockquote>So the first question you should ask about a big assessment of character or intent is -- <b>Is it TRUE?</b>. What evidence can we provide beyond a shadow of any doubt that it IS true. For example, mere association with a highly questionable character does not define with certainty the outlook of a politician -- even if it was his mentor for decades. Cite the politicians OWN and preferably recent words. An ill advised paper he wrote when he was young, emotionally charged, idealistic and prone to rash judgment himself is useless in helping define how a person has matured since. <br /><br />The process to avoid rash judgment is a meticulous process. It requires that we give due diligence to determining where a person is coming from now and how they understand our own position. This process of deliberate consideration has become less and less apparent in our age of quick headlines, editor free press releases and blatant attempts to smear and thoroughly discredit opponents. <br /><br />I only posted this to make a simple recommendation. Prayerfully and deliberately consider where your opponent is coming from. Do not rashly apply evil, antichrist, bigot, racist or stupid. It simply isn&#039;t going to help us progress as a society. Also remember, true discussion does not happen in 15 minutes with quick sound bites. That pacifies the choir. It does not change the people standing outside the door. Changing peoples minds requires love which demands respect for the dignity of your opponent. It also requires humility, which I often find I could use more of, because sometimes the point your are arguing happens to be ill informed -- and wrong. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100429-123518</id>
		<issued>2010-04-29T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-04-29T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>US ordination class of 2010: 31% foreign-born; 10% are converts</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100419-161359" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=6064&amp;utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CatholicWorldNewsFeatureStories+%28Catholic+World+News+%28on+CatholicCulture.org%29%29&amp;utm_content=Twitter" target="_blank" >Interesting numbers on recent ordinands</a>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100419-161359</id>
		<issued>2010-04-19T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-04-19T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Time machine, slightly different circumstances, alternate reality ... whatever</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100409-170037" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Mark Shea gets out a big <a href="http://markshea.blogspot.com/2010/04/many-of-you-may-remember.html" target="_blank" >told you so</a> regarding the apparent fact that <a href="http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/04/07/assassinations/index.html" target="_blank" >Obama has authorized assassination of U.S. citizen.</a> Everyone without exception should be disturbed. <br /><br />In an alternate reality I might get to find out how this would have been spun if Bush were president by both the left and the right. Would I hear an apologia from Rush, Hannity and the like? You know the left would hammer Bush for it. <br /><br />The silence is disturbing.]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100409-170037</id>
		<issued>2010-04-09T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-04-09T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>The religious will inherit the earth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100406-124532" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[According to a new book <a href="http://www.mercatornet.com/articles/view/shall_the_religious_inherit_the_earth/" target="_blank" >whose author was interviewed by Mercatornet.</a><br /><br />One thing that stands out to me is the following regarding the theory that Mulsims will eventually take over Europe ...<blockquote>The short answer is that I don’t foresee a Muslim-majority Europe in this century or in the next. Why? Mainly because Muslim birthrates are plunging both in Europe and the Muslim world. Already, Iran, Tunisia, Turkey, Azerbaijan and several other Muslim countries have replacement-level fertility or below. In the UK, Bangladeshi and Pakistani fertility has halved in a generation and is now under 3 children per woman. This means their long-term growth will begin to tail off. The other part of the equation is the rise of non-Muslim immigrant groups (African and West Indian Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and other Eastern faiths) who are also increasing and therefore making Europe more plural and, in the process, rendering it harder for Muslims to increase their share of the population.<br /><br />That said, Muslim membership retention and in-group marriage is exceptionally high (over 90 per cent) and they are a much younger population than the host society. So they are on course for steady growth. My colleagues and I expect their fertility to fall to host levels by 2030, but they will still make up 5-15 per cent of most West European countries by 2050 and 10-25 per cent by 2100. This is a major change from the 2-6 per cent levels of today. </blockquote> One only needs to look at the trends for fertility rates in the Middle East. It has taken 20-40 years for them to do what it took the rest of the west nearly 150 years to accomplish. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100406-124532</id>
		<issued>2010-04-06T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-04-06T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Knock knock knock</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100406-121514" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Time to dust this old thing off and see what happens .... <br /><img src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ALxOl8NZUDXcRM:http://upsenglish.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/microphone.jpg" width="210" height="240" border="0" alt="" />]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry100406-121514</id>
		<issued>2010-04-06T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2010-04-06T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>February 1895 Gulf Coast Snowstorm</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091211-213857" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Since it has snowed in Baton Rouge twice in the last two years I decided to look into the 1895 event that stands alone in Baton Rouge snow lore. Around here snow is always a magical event that turns even the biggest curmudgeon into a little child. On February 14-15, 1895 Baton Rouge received 12.5 inches of snow. That is like fairly tale stuff to someone who grew up here. This amount exceeds the next highest measured snowfall in Baton Rouge by NINE inches. During this same storm other places in south Louisiana received as much as two feet of snow. This event extended from Brownsville TX (5-6 in) all the way to Jacksonville FL. The Galveston Daily news summarized the events for their area:<blockquote>There had been some hint of an unusual weather pattern developing the week before as an extremely frigid cold wave sent the mercury in Galveston plummeting to 15 degrees on February 7. The high temperature that chilly day was only 25 degrees, matching the record for the all-time coldest maximum temperature ever observed on Galveston Island.<br /><br />In the next few days, temperatures gradually warmed up to near normal levels, before another strong cold front raced into the area on February 13, 1895. The new push of cold air kept temperatures below freezing all day on the 14th. In contrast to the previous blast of cold air, however, dark clouds began drifting over the area from the west and southwest as the day wore on. <br /><br />Late on the 14th into early morning of February 15, huge flakes of snow began to fall so rapidly that that visibility was reduced at times to near zero and a thick blanket of snow began coating surfaces across all of southeast Texas. <br /><br />By the time the snow moved out later that day, 15.4 inches of snow covered Galveston and an amazing 20 inches of snow choked Houston and Orange. As the storm moved east the snow spread across Louisiana to New Orleans and eventually to Mobile. Even more remarkable were reports of snow depths of 30 inches in southwest Louisiana near Lake Charles. <a href="http://galvestondailynews.com/blog.lasso?blog=fd3d631c80553fee&amp;archive=2009-02-15" target="_blank" >(source)</a></blockquote> Here is a listing of snowfall amounts in Texas that I was able to glean from a monthly weather report for February 1895 in the United States <a href="http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-toc&amp;issn=1520-0493&amp;volume=23&amp;issue=2&amp;ct=1" target="_blank" >(source)</a>. My assumption is that there was only one significant snow event during that time frame as the numbers for these deep southern towns match the reports I have seen elsewhere. The reports are truly astonishing: <br /><br />San Antonio TX -- 4.2 in<br />San Marcos TX (just south of Austin) -- 6 in<br />Stafford TX -- near Sugarland, Houston -- 20 in<br />Victoria TX -- 12 in<br />Brazoria TX - 18 in<br />Columbia Tx (I presume near Houston) - 20 in<br />Corpus Christi TX - 4.3 in<br />Cuero TX - 14 in<br />Galveston - 15.4 in<br />Houston - 20 in<br />Orange - 20 in<br /><br />Still none of this holds a candle to the mind boggling 30 inches of snow that reportedly fell in Beaumont TX during the storm. <a href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lch/?n=snowclimo" target="_blank" >(source)</a> -- Some accounts had similar amounts falling near Lake Charles.<br /><br />Here is a listing of snowfall amounts in Mississippi according to the same journal<br /><br />Biloxi MS - 6.2 in<br />Bay St. Louis - 5.5 in<br />Moss Point MS - 21 in (on the Mississippi gulf coast)<br />Woodville MS - 5.5 in<br />Hattiesburg MS - 8.6 in<br />Leakesville MS - 8.0 in<br /><br />And Alabama and Florida<br />Mobile AL - 6 in<br />Pensacola FL - 3 in<br />Tallahassee FL - 2 in<br />Jacksonville FL - trace<br /><br />It appears that the snow events were not just confined to the 14-15th. During the first cold snap (Feb 7th) it seems that snow fell in St. Landry parish. We can also see that it fell over the course of 3 days in Rayne to set the Louisiana state record. From the Teche Today paper<blockquote>1895<br />•(Feb. 7) This item from the St. Landry town of Sunset, dated February 7, appeared in the New Orleans Daily Picayune on February 8:<br />“At 7 o’clock last night a very heavy gale from the northwest struck this place and by 4 o’clock this morning a blizzard came upon us in full force and by 9 o’clock the thermometer registered 17 degrees. There has not been the least cessation in the occurrences of the wind and everything is frozen tight all day with prospects of a very severe night.”<br />•(Feb. 13) Fourteen inches of snow fell at Lafayette.<br />•(Feb. 13-15) Twenty-four inches fell at Rayne, still a state record for Louisiana.<br />The Lafayette weather form for February 1895 carries this note: “Snow began falling on the night of the 13th –stopped before daylight – began again about 6:30 a.m. on the 14th and kept up until about 10 a.m. on the 15th, about 14 inches of snow fall.”<br />Lake Charles resident F. V. Gallaugher recalled in a memoir: “The St. Valentine’s Day snow of 1895 lasted for three days and two nights. I was 15 and the snow was up to my knees.”<a href="http://www.techetoday.com/content/history-snow-south-louisiana" target="_blank" >(source)</a></blockquote>The most interesting thing about this event is that places closer to the coast seemed to get the most snow. With recent events higher snowfall totals were further north as you would expect. That it happened the other way around speaks volumes of the penetration of the cold air for this event. <br /><br />Here is an image of snowfall totals for the month of February 1895 in Louisiana. The snowfall for the month is on the far right. All of the south Louisiana totals happened during this event:<br /><img src="images/1895LouisianaSnow.jpg" width="441" height="694" border="0" alt="" /><br /><br />Snow in Houston<br /><img src="images/1895snowHOU.jpg" width="320" height="231" border="0" alt="" /><br /><br />Snow in Galveston<br /><img src="images/1895snowGAL.jpg" width="369" height="256" border="0" alt="" /><br /><br />Snow in New Orleans<br /><img src="images/1895snowNOL.jpg" width="400" height="256" border="0" alt="" /><br /><br />The journal also produced a map of snowfall for the United States that month. <br /><a href="javascript:openpopup('images/Feb1895snow.jpg',996,626,false);"><img src="images/Feb1895snow.jpg" width="500" height="314" border="0" alt="" /></a>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091211-213857</id>
		<issued>2009-12-12T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-12-12T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>A song called Hail Mary</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091120-102328" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Pomplamoose ... you should check them out<br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/fYy2p_0DVMU&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/fYy2p_0DVMU&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091120-102328</id>
		<issued>2009-11-20T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-11-20T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Environmentalists starting to raise the red flag on impact of chemical contraceptives?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091120-102302" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[A couple of years ago I made a post called <a href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/comments.php?y=07&amp;m=07&amp;entry=entry070712-121558" target="_blank" >Contracepting the environment – Birth-control poisoning of streams leave U.S. environmentalists mum</a> to which I received the following comment:<blockquote>I&#039;m a student studying Environmental Civil Engineering (most of our courses deal with water treatment and contamination issues), and I thought you might be heartened to know that this problem been brought up by professors and discussed in class several times. . . so not everyone with an environmental focus is as blind to the obvious as one might think.</blockquote>Good news indeed!]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091120-102302</id>
		<issued>2009-11-20T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-11-20T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>On comments that are wildly off topic and link to your website</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091120-085841" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[I will delete them. If you cannot demonstrate beyond some sort of reasonable doubt that you are a human being, then I will assume you are a robot:<br /><br /><img src="http://tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:92mi1zY_8xuRmM:http://www.pjlighthouse.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/barricade-transformers-decepticon-decepticon.jpg" width="192" height="262" border="0" alt="" /><br /><br />Don&#039;t take it personally. If it&#039;s really important you can post it again with a &quot;hey man, why did you delete my post&quot; ... that is sufficient to suggest human to me. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091120-085841</id>
		<issued>2009-11-20T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-11-20T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Correspondence from senators and representatives</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091119-113857" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Is it just me or does all correspondence from our reps look something like this ...<blockquote>Dear [my name]<br /><br />Thank you for taking the time to contact my office.<br /><br />[standard bi-partisan first paragraph: -- Replace with actual sentences. -- Blather about the democratic process and how every voice is important. Presume underlings failed civics in high school]<br /><br />[standard bi-partisan second paragraph: Check out all the AWESOME laws I helped get passed. Check out how awesome I am. Seriously, did I mention how awesome I am?]<br /><br />[standard Republican third paragraph. Delete if you are a Democrat. Statements about how awesome it is to be right + boilerplate talking points. Presume underling agrees with you -- remind people of how things used to be and mention any of the following: morals, life, small government]<br />[standard Democrat third paragraph. Delete if you are a Republican. Statements about how awesome it is to be in the know + link to web site to &quot;get the facts&quot; -- Underlings are not intelligent enough to understand your position. Remind people of their dreams and aspirations. Mention any of the following: poor, struggling middle class, corporate interests]<br /><br />** note, it is better if your response actually deals with the topic that you were mailed about but it is not necessary. When in doubt, today&#039;s current topic is: HEALTH CARE<br /><br />[standard bi-partisan we know what is best for you and we will fight for -- enter information about where you used to live before you came to D.C. --]<br /><br />Thanks<br />[name of senator or representatives]</blockquote>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091119-113857</id>
		<issued>2009-11-19T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-11-19T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Life difficulties</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091118-102028" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[I wanted to take a quick moment to apologize to my few readers. I will resume blogging sooner or later. My life is going through a difficult transition right now. I would prefer not to reveal all that is going on except that it is challenging me in ways I would have never expected. <br /><br />Its not as bad as what we went through in March but it is scary still. <br /><br />Please keep me in your prayers. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry091118-102028</id>
		<issued>2009-11-18T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-11-18T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Cabon emissions by country .... all those who don&#039;t emit should contracept? </title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090922-215517" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('http://www.worldmapper.org/images/largepng/299.png',1024,512,false);"><img src="http://www.worldmapper.org/images/largepng/299.png" width="500" height="250" border="0" alt="" /></a><br />So next time someone feeds you a line about how reducing population in some non-industrialized nation is going to reduce carbon emissions dramatically ask them why it hasn&#039;t helped in countries where contraceptives are readily available. <br /><br />(HT) <a href="http://markshea.blogspot.com/2009/09/what-i-mean-about-elites-not-caring.html" target="_blank" >Mark Shea</a>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090922-215517</id>
		<issued>2009-09-23T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-23T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Mercatornet has a good read on divorce</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090917-080737" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="http://www.mercatornet.com/articles/view/the_new_divorce_divide/" target="_blank" >The new divorce divide</a> <br /><br />It seems that the wealthy and more educated are suffering less from divorce, whereas the numbers in poorer circles are getting worse. Here are a couple of choice quotes. Read the whole thing though .. <blockquote>The bottom line here is that the West’s current preoccupation with personal happiness often conflicts with the value of marital permanency. </blockquote><blockquote>There is no going back to the divorce laws of yesteryear. No-fault divorce will not be repealed. But I think we can make divorce law more just by factoring in marital conduct into decisions about custody, property division, and alimony on a more consistent basis. What is crazy about our current system is that one spouse can, for instance, commit adultery and then walk away with primary custody of the children and a substantial share of the marital property. This is patently unjust. Some lawmakers, jurists, and family lawyers are beginning to think about ways to make the divorce process more just. If they succeed, this would also have the indirect effect of reducing divorce because people would be less likely to divorce in an opportunistic fashion if they know they will pay a serious price when it comes to child custody or the division of marital property. </blockquote><br />]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090917-080737</id>
		<issued>2009-09-17T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-17T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Carl Heinrich Bloch - Sermon on the Mount</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090904-205336" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('images/large/bloch_sermon_on_the_mount_l3.jpg',815,912,false);"><img src="images/large/bloch_sermon_on_the_mount_l3.jpg" width="500" height="560" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />The third Luminous mystery<br /><br />1877]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090904-205336</id>
		<issued>2009-09-05T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-05T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Can Catholics be united on health care in the face of abortion funding?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090904-161827" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[I am curious to see if the more conservative members of St. Blogs will still overwhelmingly reject just about any plan even if it doesn&#039;t include abortion funding citing the free market as the true means of handling this properly.  <br /><br />I am also curious to see if the more liberal members of St. Blogs will argue that we have to pass something even in the face of the &quot;divisive&quot; inclusion of abortion funding arguing that private insurers do it anyway thus we aren&#039;t REALLY changing the abortion landscape at all. <br /><br /><a href="http://thecatholicspirit.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=2444&amp;Itemid=33" target="_blank" >We have an opportunity here to be united!</a> ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090904-161827</id>
		<issued>2009-09-04T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-04T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Patrick Madrid: Is waterboarding a sin?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090904-115720" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="http://www.patrickmadrid.com/waterboarding.mp3" target="_blank" >Patrick Madrid on torture</a><br /><br />&quot;It seems like a pretty clear cut kind of a open and shut type thing&quot;<br /><br />... This is also my gut reaction to it and where I struggle with talking to other Catholics. Query your non-Catholic friends who support waterboarding and ask if they think its torture. They don&#039;t seem to have the moral ambiguity on the matter that many Catholics do. They are at least willing to call a spade a spade.<br /><br />If the Church didn&#039;t teach that torture was intrinsically evil then those who are confused about what torture is would all of the sudden find great clarity on its definition just like their pro-torture non-Catholic peers (especially regarding waterboarding).<br /><br />It seems to me that only Catholics seem to be inflicted with a case of &quot;whatistorturitis&quot;.]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090904-115720</id>
		<issued>2009-09-04T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-04T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Marten de Vos - The Marriage at Cana</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090902-234317" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('images/large/marten_de_vos_marriage_at_cana_l2.jpg',850,1001,false);"><img src="images/large/marten_de_vos_marriage_at_cana_l2.jpg" width="500" height="589" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />The second Luminous mystery<br /><br />1597<br />]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090902-234317</id>
		<issued>2009-09-03T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-03T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>The fabulous wealth of the Vatican</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090902-224140" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Shortly after converting to Catholicism I was told be a friend that she could never convert to Catholicism because she couldn&#039;t reconcile its fabulous wealth with its mission to serve the poor. <br /><br />It is not an objection that really gave me pause but it does for some people.<br /><br />First off, the use of extravagant items in worship is not something that came about with Christ establishing the Church, nor did it come about during the time of Constantine. It can be documented in the Old Testament, requested by God himself. <blockquote><b>Exodus 25:3-8</b> These are the contributions you shall accept from them: gold, silver and bronze; violet, purple and scarlet yarn; fine linen and goat hair; rams&#039; skins dyed red, and tahash skins; acacia wood; oil for the light; spices for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense; onyx stones and other gems for mounting on the ephod and the breastpiece. &quot;They shall make a sanctuary for me, that I may dwell in their midst.&quot; <a href="http://usccb.org/nab/bible/exodus/exodus25.htm" target="_blank" >(read Exodus 25-31)</a></blockquote>Furthermore, there is a reason for the use of this in worship. It <a href="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry041113-232424" target="_blank" >aids the believer</a>* in understanding and in <a href="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry050311-101430" target="_blank" >bridging the gap</a>** between him and God. IF art serves its purpose in this way then it helps to motivate people to do their part to uphold gospel values and take care of the poor. Second, it is a perfect refuge for someone, regardless of the troubles of their life to head into a church and experience an earthly interpretation of our future heavenly home. The riches of the Church are there for ALL to enjoy. The Church has carried down to this time priceless documents, works of art and music that would have been lost to the sands of time otherwise. To preserve classic works and history is a good (and expensive) thing to do.  <br /><br /><b>But what if the Church did sell all of its holdings and give it to the poor?</b> <br /><br />A similar objection was raised in Sacred Scripture in the following account<blockquote><b>Mark 14:2-7</b> When he was in Bethany reclining at table in the house of Simon the leper, a woman came with an alabaster jar of perfumed oil, costly genuine spikenard. She broke the alabaster jar and poured it on his head. There were some who were indignant. &quot;Why has there been this waste of perfumed oil? It could have been sold for more than three hundred days&#039; wages and the money given to the poor.&quot; They were infuriated with her. Jesus said, &quot;Let her alone. Why do you make trouble for her? She has done a good thing for me. <b>The poor you will always have with you</b>, and whenever you wish you can do good to them, but you will not always have me.</blockquote>I think this makes the point well, but lets go ahead and follow the idea of selling the riches of the Church. First off, the Church would have to be ABLE to sell off its holdings. Priceless works of art do not have an unlimited market. Second, the faithful would be putting their trust that those who receive them would care enough to preserve them over time as carefully as the Church has. Also, many of the holdings of the Church, especially in cities that have experienced rapid decline in certain areas leave the church with a lot of property that is more of a burden than a boon to its pocketbook. Finally, after selling these priceless works of art, the Church would likely be able to feed the poor for a short period of time. At that point the poor would still be with us, just as Christ stated in Mark. The riches of the Church, from which we all benefit, would be gone -- never to serve their purpose again as the Church intends. <br /><br />Another common gripe in the thread of Church wealth lies in the charge that the Vatican has enormous amounts of wealth stashed away under the Vatican that no nation on earth could compete with. This is a myth all the way down to the hidden stashes of gold. Consider the following about the operating budget of the Vatican:<blockquote>To put it bluntly, the Vatican is not rich. It has an annual operating budget of $260 million, which would not place it on any Top 500 list of major social institutions. To draw a comparison in the non-profit sector, Harvard University has an annual operating budget of a little over $1.3 billion, which means it could run the equivalent of five Vaticans every year and still have pocket change left over. The Holy See’s budget would qualify it as a mid-sized American Catholic college. It’s bigger than Loyola-Marymount in Los Angeles (annual budget of $150 million) or Saint Louis University ($174 million), but substantially less than the University of Notre Dame ($500 million). The total patrimony of the Holy See, meaning its property holdings (including some 30 buildings and 1,700 apartments in Rome), its investments, its stock portfolios and capital funds, and whatever it has storied up in a piggy bank for a rainy day, comes to roughly $770 million. This is substantial, but once again one has to apply a sense of scale. What the Holy See calls “patrimony” is roughly what American universities mean by an “endowment” – in other words, funds and other assets designed to support the institution if operating funds fall short. The University of Notre Dame has an endowment of $3.5 billion, meaning a total 4.5 times as great as the Vatican’s. But what of the some 18,000 artistic treasures in the Holy See, such as the Pietà, that don’t show up on these ledgers? From the Holy See’s point of view, these artworks are part of the artistic heritage of the world, and may never be sold or borrowed against. Michelangeo’s famous Pieta statue, the Sistine Chapel, or Raphael’s famous frescoes in the Apostolic Palace are thus listed at a value of 1 Euro each. In fact, those treasures amount to a net drain on the Holy See’s budget, because millions of Euros have to be allocated every year for maintenance and restoration. The moral of the story is that the image of the Vatican as a playground for “masters of the universe” just isn’t reality. This is, for the most part, not an island of exaggerated privilege, but a normal bureaucratic environment in which the church’s civil servants are ordinary men and women trying to do their jobs as best they can. <a href="http://www.marquette.edu/umi/events/documents/AllenJohn.pdf" target="_blank" >(source)</a></blockquote>In recent years the Vatican has even run a deficit. It also is important to note that many other dioceses in the world are cash poor and struggling to make ends meet to service the needs of its missions, hospitals and helping provide the sacraments to the faithful. If the Church were fabulously rich, it would not need to ask for contributions each week nor would it require planned giving in order to ensure ends meet. <br /><br />So hopefully you can see that asking that the Church sell all of its belongings to help the poor would be similar to asking the United States government to liquidate the assets of Washington DC including the Smithsonian Institute in order to assist the poor. I don&#039;t see anyone arguing that during these trying times of budget deficits and economic uncertainly. People do not suggest that because it stands to reason, just as it does for the Church, that the effort would be a net loss for all of us. <br /><br />See also <a href="http://www.catholic.com/library/sr_chick_tracts_p5.asp" target="_blank" >Vatican Riches</a><br />* From an early post I made on this blog -- <i>The awe-inspiring works of art within the halls of the great cathedrals inspire and the remind us that there is something greater than us. Pope John Paul II in his Letter to Artists mentions that some of the earliest forms of art were depictions of passages from Sacred Scripture and that &quot;The &#039;beautiful&#039; was thus wedded to the &#039;true&#039;, so that through art too souls might be lifted up from the world of the senses to the eternal.&quot;</i><br />** From a post I made about modern architecture -- <i>I want the art to complete that leap for me. It is far less work on my part and I start the contemplative journey far closer to the goal than if I have to make the effort to &quot;see&quot; what is implied rather than what is.</i>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090902-224140</id>
		<issued>2009-09-03T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-03T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Diego Velazquez - Coronation of the Virgin Mary</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090902-002756" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('images/large/velazquez_corronation_of_the_virgin_mary_g5.jpg',900,1220,false);"><img src="images/large/velazquez_corronation_of_the_virgin_mary_g5.jpg" width="500" height="678" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />The fifth Glorious mystery<br /><br />1641-1644]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090902-002756</id>
		<issued>2009-09-02T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-02T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>On the Duggar&#039;s and their 19th child</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090901-233605" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[I read some scathing comments about the Duggar&#039;s today that were WAY out of line. May God bless them for enduring the type of vitriol I read about them.  <br /><br />Every time I tell someone how many kids I have I get a list of excuses as to why they are not having any more. I presume your reasons are justified before you speak a word ... Seriously I do (and all my readers should as well) ... That said, if it bothers you enough to tell me, then maybe that is something you should take up with God. <br /><br />Families with lots of kids are a visible voice to the truth about our purpose. <br />Families with lots of kids undermine weak excuses for not having more children by demonstrating, often on meager means, that it is possible.<br />There is no doubt that the future belongs to those who have children -- especially those who have them in great numbers. <br /><br />The small family model is unsustainable as a value. It will eventually be replaced by those with values that give precedence to having children.]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090901-233605</id>
		<issued>2009-09-02T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-02T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Falling numbers in RCIA? </title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090831-231234" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="http://markshea.blogspot.com/2009/08/sherry-weddell-crunches-numbers-on-rcia.html" target="_blank" >Mark Shea</a> links to <a href="" target="_blank" >one</a>...<a href="" target="_blank" >two</a> posts by Sherry Weddell on the falling numbers coming out of RCIA classes. <br /><br />She suggests that part of the problem<blockquote>might have to do with the turn of the generational tide and the coming into their own of the Millennial generation.</blockquote>Of course when I entered into the Church there were not piles of people from my generation there (Gen X). My generation and the one that follows is largely absent from Church. That said, some of the younger end of the Millenials are making up a good percentage of the increase in vocations we are seeing around here (and presumably in other dioceses). <br /><br />What we may start losing in numbers we may gain back in fidelity to the Church. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090831-231234</id>
		<issued>2009-09-01T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-01T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Your defining post? </title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090831-230607" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Jen over at Conversion Diary has a knack for asking really great questions to bloggers out there. She asks <a href="http://www.conversiondiary.com/2009/08/whats-your-defining-post.html" target="_blank" >What is your defining post?</a><br /><br />This was tough for me ... My blog usually has four types of posts. <br />1. Me complaining<br />2. Me trying to capture those touching stories about my family<br />3. Conversion story / apologetics<br />4. An occasional funny oddity<br /><br />I chose <a href="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry080803-022320" target="_blank" >Let the little children come to me</a> .. while it might not define the majority of the content in my blog, it defines more what I wish my blog were like. My second place choice would have been <a href="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry080326-092014" target="_blank" >Faith like a child</a> or <a href="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry081104-144541" target="_blank" >Halloween - the conspiracy</a><br /><br />(HT) to <a href="http://happycatholic.blogspot.com/2009/08/whats-my-defining-post.html" target="_blank" >Happy Catholic</a> for reminding me ... ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090831-230607</id>
		<issued>2009-09-01T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-09-01T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Fundamentals of Dogma, Harry Potter style</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090829-223418" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<object width="560" height="340"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/l2WNrL6MO5g&hl=en&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/l2WNrL6MO5g&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"></embed></object>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090829-223418</id>
		<issued>2009-08-30T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-30T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Nicolas Poussin - The Assumption of the Virgin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090829-211045" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('images/large/poussin_assumption_g4.jpg',555,718,false);"><img src="images/large/poussin_assumption_g4.jpg" width="500" height="647" border="0" alt="" /></a><br />The fourth Glorious mystery<br /><br />1650s]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090829-211045</id>
		<issued>2009-08-30T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-30T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Jean Restout - Pentecost</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090828-170516" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('images/large/jean_restout_pentecost_g3.jpg',1240,730,false);"><img src="images/large/jean_restout_pentecost_g3.jpg" width="500" height="294" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />The third Glorious mystery<br />1732]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090828-170516</id>
		<issued>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Potentially disturbing news on the parental rights front</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090828-165444" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="http://www.historicalchristian.com/my_weblog/2009/08/the-nanny-state-brainwashing-your-child.html" target="_blank" >Historical Christian</a> has the scoop ...<blockquote>But now, parents have to be on guard again.  Seems some people want to force kids into the public school system despite having a demonstrably great homeschooling experience - and why?  Because they don&#039;t like the parent&#039;s religion, and want to expose the kids to the very ideas that their parents are trying to protect them from.<br /><br />Here&#039;s the part that really gets me:<blockquote>The guardian ad litem involved in the case concluded, according to the court order, that the girl “appeared to reflect her mother’s rigidity on questions of faith” and that the girl’s interests “would be best served by exposure to a public school setting” and “different points of view at a time when she must begin to critically evaluate multiple systems of belief...in order to select, as a young adult, which of those systems will best suit her own needs.”</blockquote>The girl is 10 years old.  Since when are 10-year-olds asked to &quot;critically evaluate multiple systems of belief&quot;?  Note the wording that the girl reflects the mother&#039;s &quot;ridigity.&quot;  In other words, to have a clear belief system is to be considered &quot;rigid,&quot; and deserving of having your child taken out of your control and brainwashed by someone else.  Frankly, I think it&#039;s the &quot;guardian&quot; that is rigid - bigoted, actually, against certain aspects of the girl&#039;s religion that he disagrees with.</blockquote>All that said, I want to point out that there is a divorce in play here. Furthermore, the wants of the other parent likely have something to do with WHY they are pitting public schooling vs. homeschooling. It doesn&#039;t seem to me that this is a case where a child from an in-tact family is being randomly assaulted by the state for being &quot;too rigid&quot;. <br /><br />I STILL have problems with the reasoning cited here. I have said before, by discouraging the western tradition in favor of diversity, we will LOSE our western tradition. Authentic diversity requires the practice of our OWN faith and the acceptance of our OWN past before we can truly appreciate the legitimate differences of others.  ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090828-165444</id>
		<issued>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>10 Episcopal nuns in Archdiocese of Baltimore to join Catholic Church  </title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090828-164955" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[I didn&#039;t even know the Episcopal Church had nuns ... well, <a href="http://www.catholicreview.org/subpages/storyarchnew.aspx?action=6750" target="_blank" >they have ten less of them now.</a><blockquote>Before deciding to enter the Catholic Church, the sisters had explored Episcopal splinter groups and other Christian denominations. Mother Christina noted that the sisters had independently contemplated joining the Catholic Church without the others knowing. When they found out that most of them were considering the same move, they took it as a sign from God and reached out to Archbishop O’Brien.<br /><br />“This is very much the work of the Holy Spirit,” Mother Christina said.<br /><br />The sisters acknowledged it hasn’t been easy leaving the Episcopal Church, for which they expressed great affection. Some of their friends have been hurt by their pending departure, they said.<br /><br />“Some feel we are abandoning the fight to maintain orthodoxy,” said Sister Emily Ann Lindsey. “We’re not. We’re doing it in another realm right now.”<br /><br />The sisters have spent much of the past year studying the documents of the Second Vatican Council. They said there were few theological stumbling blocks to entering the church, although some had initial difficulty with the concept of papal infallibility.<br /><br />In addition to worshipping in the Latin rite, the sisters are expected to receive permission to attend Mass celebrated in the Anglican-use rite <i>(FC: I am jealous)</i> – a liturgy that adapts many of the prayers from the Episcopal tradition. Mother Christina said 10 archdiocesan priests, including Auxiliary Bishop Denis J. Madden, have stepped forward to learn how to celebrate the Anglican-use Mass. </blockquote>(HT) <a href="http://wdtprs.com/blog/2009/08/true-ecumenism/" target="_blank" >Fr. Z</a>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090828-164955</id>
		<issued>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Nine consecutive blogging days?!?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090827-233013" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[I have blogged for nine consecutive days ... I think that is a record for me. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090827-233013</id>
		<issued>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Garofalo - Ascension of Christ</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090827-232320" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('images/large/Garofalo_Ascension_of_Christ_g2.jpg',732,1098,false);"><img src="images/large/Garofalo_Ascension_of_Christ_g2.jpg" width="500" height="750" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />The second Glorious mystery<br /><br />1510-1520]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090827-232320</id>
		<issued>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>A defense of the Sacrament of Marriage</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090827-230219" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Defense of Sacrament of Marriage ... First there are a few terms I want to define. Baltimore Catechism anyone?<blockquote>136. Q. What is a Sacrament?<br />A. A Sacrament is an outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace.<br /><br />105. Q. What is sanctifying grace? -- AKA DIVINE GRACE<br />A. Sanctifying grace is that grace which makes the soul holy and pleasing to God.<br /><br />110. Q. What is actual grace?<br />A. Actual grace is that help of God which enlightens our mind and moves our will to shun evil and do good. </blockquote>Sacraments give or increase sanctifying grace ...<br /><br />That marriage is a sacrament is raised to the level of a dogma of the faith by the Council of Trent - Canon I, Sess. XXIV (24) states &quot;If any one shall say that matrimony is not truly and properly one of the Seven Sacraments of the Evangelical Law, instituted by Christ our Lord, <b>but was invented in the Church by men</b>, and does not confer grace, let him be anathema.&quot;<br /><br />This was in response to the reformers<br /><br />Calvin in his &quot;Institutions&quot;, IV (4), xix (19), 34, says:<blockquote>&quot;Lastly, there is matrimony, which all admit was instituted by God, though no one before the time of Gregory regarded it as a sacrament. What man in his sober senses could so regard it? God&#039;s ordinance is good and holy; so also are agriculture, architecture, shoemaking, hair-cutting legitimate ordinances of God, but they are not sacraments&quot;.</blockquote>And Luther speaks in terms equally vigorous.<blockquote>&quot;No one indeed can deny that marriage is an external worldly thing, like clothes and food, house and home, subject to worldly authority, as shown by so many imperial laws governing it.&quot; -- &quot;Von den Ehesachen&quot; (p. 1)<br /><br />&quot;Not only is the sacramental character of matrimony without foundation in Scripture; but the very traditions, which claim such sacredness for it, are a mere jest&quot;; the original edition of &quot;De captivitate Babylonica&quot;<br /><br />&quot;Marriage may therefore be a figure of Christ and the Church; it is, however, no Divinely instituted sacrament, <b>but the invention of men in the Church</b>, arising from ignorance of the subject.&quot; -- the original edition of &quot;De captivitate Babylonica&quot;</blockquote><b>Proof from Scripture</b><br /><br />The classical scriptural text is from St. Paul&#039;s letter to the Ephesians where Christ declares that the relation between husband and wife should be of that between Christ and the Church.<br /><br />I will read Ephesians 5:31-32 in the Douay-Rheims version to demonstrate<blockquote>For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife, and they shall be two in one flesh. This is a great sacrament; but I speak in Christ and in the church.</blockquote>Still, this cannot be used as a definitive defense because the later, more technical meaning of the word did not come into play until centuries after this verse was penned. A more modern translation of the verse (NAB used by the USCCB)<blockquote>For this reason a man shall leave (his) father and (his) mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh. This is a great mystery, but I speak in reference to Christ and the church.</blockquote>Still we call sacraments &quot;Divine mysteries&quot; and from the emphasis we can infer that the importance of marriage is not to be considered lightly. Ludwig Ott in his Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma explains it as such.<blockquote>&quot;As the unification of Christ with the Church is a rich source of grace for the members of the Church, so marriage if it is to be a perfect image of the grace-conferring attachment of Christ with the Church, must not be an empty symbol, as it had been in the pre-Christian era but an efficacious (producing the result - i.e. real) sign of grace.&quot; -</blockquote>or as the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia states:<blockquote>&quot;There would be no reason, therefore, why the Apostle should refer with such emphasis to Christian marriage as so great a sacrament, if the greatness of Christian marriage did not lie in the fact, that it is not a mere sign, but an efficacious sign of the life of grace. In fact, <b>it would be entirely out of keeping with the economy of the New Testament</b> if we possessed a sign of grace and salvation instituted by God which was only an empty sign, and not an efficacious (producing the result - i.e. real) one.&quot;</blockquote>Now why would it be entirely out of keeping with the economy of the New Testament to possess a sign that was empty? As Jesus said in Matt 5:17 &quot;Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets. I have come not to abolish but to fulfill.&quot; The Catholic faith is a sacramental faith, a point I will delve into momentarily, and our understanding of marriage draws very much from that fact. We as Catholics have an expectation that all types of grace present in the Old Testament, especially covenants, were fulfilled in the New Covenant as greater and more perfect. For example, baptism is &quot;the new circumcision&quot; which allows ALL to enter the New Covenant by the washing clean of our sins. <blockquote>Col 2:11-12 In him 5 you were also circumcised with a circumcision not administered by hand, by stripping off the carnal body, with the circumcision of Christ. You were buried with him in baptism, in which you were also raised with him through faith in the power of God, who raised him from the dead.</blockquote>As as the bread offered to the Israelites in the desert sustained them physically, the &quot;Bread of Life&quot;, that is Jesus Christ present in the Eucharist will allow us &quot;to live forever&quot;.<blockquote>John 6:49-51 &quot;Your ancestors ate the manna in the desert, but they died; this is the bread that comes down from heaven so that one may eat it and not die. I am the living bread that came down from heaven; whoever eats this bread will live forever; and the bread that I will give is my flesh for the life of the world.&quot;</blockquote>That Christ dignified marriage by returning it to the glory indicated in the first books of Sacred Scripture further indicates this perfection of marriage belongs to that of a sacrament. <blockquote>Matt 19:4-12 Some Pharisees approached him, and tested him, 4 saying, &quot;Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any cause whatever?&quot; He said in reply, &quot;Have you not read that from the beginning the Creator &#039;made them male and female&#039; and said, &#039;For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh&#039;? So they are no longer two, but one flesh. <b>Therefore, what God has joined together, no human being must separate.&quot; They said to him, &quot;Then why did Moses command that the man give the woman a bill of divorce and dismiss (her)?&quot; He said to them, &quot;Because of the hardness of your hearts Moses allowed you to divorce your wives, but from the beginning it was not so. I say to you, 7 whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery.&quot;</b></blockquote>But you don&#039;t have to just take my word for it. To further underscore the doctrine that marriage is a sacrament, I would like to expound on a brief proof from Tradition, or as I like to say, from history -- Lets ask a few of the early church fathers.<br /><br />The biggest key in demonstrating early acceptance of the sacramental nature of marriage is demonstrating its ability to confer Divine grace. The following elements belong to a sacrament:<br /><ul>
    <li> it must be a sacred religious rite instituted by Christ; (see Ignatius of Antoch, Tertullian)
    <li>this rite must be a sign of interior sanctification; (see Eph 5)
    <li>it must confer this interior sanctification or Divine grace; (Tertullian, Augustine)
    <li>this effect of Divine grace must be produced, not only in conjunction with the respective religious act, but through it (it must continue). (Tertullian, Augustine)</ul>Hence, whoever attributes these elements to Christian marriage, thereby declares it a true sacrament in the strict sense of the word.<br /><br />Point one:<br />* it must be a sacred religious rite instituted by Christ;<br /><br />From the beginning the early fathers regarded marriage as a religious affair<blockquote>St. Ignatius of Antioch (107 AD) &quot;Letter to Polycarp 5&quot; - &quot;But it becomes both men and women who marry, to form their union with the approval of the bishop, that their marriage may be according to God, and not after their own lust. Let all things be done to the honour of God.&quot;</blockquote>Point  two:<br />* this rite must be a sign of interior sanctification; -- back to Ephesians 5 where Paul spells out the image of Christ and the Church with respect to the husband and the wife.<br /><br />Point three/four:<br />* it must confer this interior sanctification or Divine grace; (Tertullian, Augustine)<br />* this effect of Divine grace must be produced, not only in conjunction with the respective religious act, but through it (it must continue)<br /><br />As early as the second century we have the valuable testimony of Tertullian,when discussing a mixed marriage between Gentile (secular) matrimony Christian stating that matrimony enjoys <b>&quot;the partial sanction of divine grace&quot;</b> <blockquote>If these things may happen to those women also who, having attained the faith while in (the state of) Gentile matrimony, continue in that state, still they are excused, as having been &quot;apprehended by God&quot; in these very circumstances; and they are bidden to persevere in their married state, and are sanctified, and have hope of &quot;making a gain&quot; held out to them. &quot;If, then, a marriage of this kind (contracted before conversion) stands ratified before God, why should not (one contracted after conversion) too go prosperously forward, so as not to be thus harassed by pressures, and straits, and hindrances, and defilements, having already (as it has) <b>the partial sanction of divine grace?</b>&quot; &quot;Ad Uxorem&quot;, II, vii</blockquote>But if Divine grace and its protection are, as Tertullian asserts, given with marriage, we have therein the distinctive moment which constitutes a religious action (already known for other reasons as a sign of Divine grace) an efficacious sign of grace, that is, a true Sacrament of the New Dispensation. It is only on this hypothesis that we can rightly understand another passage from the same work of<blockquote>&quot;How can we describe the happiness of those marriages which the Church ratifies, the sacrifice strengthens, the blessing seals, the angels publish, the Heavenly Father propitiously (graciously) beholds?&quot;  &quot;Ad Uxorem&quot; II, ix, in P.L., I, 1302</blockquote>Again, as Pope Benedict stated, &quot;....we have a positive idea to offer, that man and woman are made for each other, that the scale of sexuality, eros, agape, indicates the level of love and it&#039;s in this way that marriage develops, first of all, as a joyful and blessing-filled encounter between a man and a woman, and then the family, that guarantees continuity among generations and through which generations are reconciled to each other and even cultures can meet.  ....&quot;<br /><br />Through here we have discussed testimony from the first two centuries. In the 4th century St. Augustine places marriage, which he names a sacrament, on the same level with Baptism and Holy Orders. Thus, as Baptism and Holy Orders are sacraments in the strict sense and are recognized as such by the Holy Doctor, he also considers the marriage of Christians a sacrament in the full and strict sense of the word. As an image of the bond between Christ and the Church is employed, and that we know that this unification of Christ and His Church is indissoluble we can further infer that marriage retains the same indissolubility.<blockquote>&quot;Among all people and all men the good that is secured by marriage consists in the offspring and in the chastity of married fidelity; but, in the case of God&#039;s people [the Christians], it consists moreover in the holiness of the sacrament, by reason of which it is forbidden, even after a separation has taken place, to marry another as long as the first partner lives . . . just as priests are ordained to draw together a Christian community, and even though no such community be formed, the Sacrament of Orders still abides in those ordained, or just as the Sacrament of the Lord, once it is conferred, abides even in one who is dismissed from his office on account of guilt, although in such a one it abides unto judgment.&quot; De bono conjugii - chap. xxiv in P.L., XL, 394<br /><br />&quot;Undoubtedly it belongs to the essence of this sacrament that, when man and wife are once united by marriage, this bond remains indissoluble throughout their lives. As long as both live, there remains a something attached to the marriage, which neither mutual separation nor union with a third can remove; in such cases, indeed, it remains for the aggravation of the guilt of their crime, not for the strengthening of the union. Just as the soul of an apostate, which was once similarly wedded unto Christ and now separates itself from Him, does not, in spite of its loss of faith, lose the Sacrament of Faith, which it has received in the waters of regeneration.&quot; De nuptiis et concupiscentia - (I, x, in P.L., XLIV, 420)</blockquote>Pope Innocent I in a letter dated Jan 27, 417 AD declares a second marriage during the lifetime of the first partner invalid, and adds:<blockquote>&quot;Supported by the Catholic Faith, we declare that the true marriage is that which is <b>originally founded on Divine grace</b>.&quot; -- Letter to Probus (Ep. ix, in P.L., XX, 602) </blockquote>So we see here, clear testimony from the fathers prior to the 4th century that marriage was, in kernel, regarded as a sacrament.<br /><br />Beyond that we have greater testimony in the liturgical books of the churches both in communion with Rome and those separated from the earliest times: <blockquote>In all these rituals and liturgical collections, marriage, contracted before the priest during the celebration of Mass, is accompanied by ceremonies and prayers similar to those used in connection with the other sacraments; in fact several of these rituals expressly call marriage a sacrament, and, because it is a &quot;sacrament of the living&quot;, require contrition for sin and the reception of the Sacrament of Penance before marriage is contracted (cf. Martène, &quot;De antiquis ecclesiæ ritibus&quot;, I, ix). But the venerable age, in fact the apostolicity, of the ecclesiastical tradition concerning marriage is still more clearly revealed by the circumstance that the rituals or liturgical books of the Oriental Churches and sects, even of those that separated from the Catholic Church in the first centuries, treat the contracting of marriage as a sacrament, and surround it with significant and impressive ceremonies and prayers. The Nestorians, Monophysites, Copts, Jacobites etc., all agree in this point (cf. J. S. Assemani, &quot;Bibliotheca orientalis&quot;, III, i, 356; ii, 319 sqq.; Schelstrate, &quot;Acta oriental. eccl.&quot;, I, 150 sqq.; Denzinger, &quot;Ritus orientalium&quot;, I, 150 sqq.; II, 364 sqq.). The numerous prayers which are used throughout the ceremony refer to a special grace which is to be granted to the newly-married persons, and occasional commentaries show that this grace was regarded as sacramental. Thus, the Nestorian patriarch, Timotheus II, in his work &quot;De septem causis sacramentorum&quot; mentioned in Assemani (III, i, 579), deals with marriage among the other sacraments, and enumerates several religious ceremonies without which marriage is invalid. Evidently, therefore, he includes marriage among the sacraments, and considers the grace resulting from it a sacramental grace.</blockquote><b>The doctrine that marriage is a sacrament of the New Law has never been a matter of dispute between the Roman Catholic and any of the Oriental Churches separated from it -- a convincing proof that this doctrine has always been part of ecclesiastical tradition and is derived from the Apostles. </b><br /><br /><i>pulled from a talk I gave on marriage some months ago which borrows heavily from Catholic Encyclopedia and Ludwig Ott&#039;s Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma</i>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090827-230219</id>
		<issued>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-28T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Priests, religious and larger families</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090826-223632" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[There is some anecdotal evidence to support the idea that priests and religious come from large families at a higher rate than small families. I bring this up because I heard a priest discussing vocations and one of the things he mentioned was that it was a sacrifice. For the priest or religious this is clear, but he further pointed out the difficulty it brings for the parents of the one accepting the call. Parents obviously want to see their children grow up and have children. I think of this myself even with having small children now. Fr. further stressed when talking about the external factors affecting those who answer the call is that of smaller families. It seems there is much greater pressure placed on those discerning from smaller families because in some cases this lessens or cuts off the possibility of grand children.<br /><br />This got me to thinking. Larger families TEND to be more devout. In a culture that has sold its soul to avoiding children, doesn&#039;t it seem obvious that the newer priests are more zealous because they come from backgrounds where families often stress vocations and have less external pressure to carry on the family name than families with less children? ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090826-223632</id>
		<issued>2009-08-27T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-27T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>I see there was some wind damage in Shiner, TX today</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090826-222651" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<img src="images/shinerwind.png" width="175" height="79" border="0" alt="" /><br /><br />Just as long as it didn&#039;t affect the beer we are on the same page ....<br /><br /><img src="images/shinerbock.jpg" width="400" height="315" border="0" alt="" />]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090826-222651</id>
		<issued>2009-08-27T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-27T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Is the Obama administration intending to fund the arts at the service of the state?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090826-222035" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Anybody care to comment on this? This is piggybacking on the <a href="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090821-101048" target="_blank" >government is advertising post</a> I wrote earlier. <br /><br /><a href="http://bighollywood.breitbart.com/pcourrielche/2009/08/25/the-national-endowment-for-the-art-of-persuasion-patrick-courrielche/" target="_blank" >The National Endowment for the Art of Persuasion?</a><blockquote>Backed by the full weight of President Barack Obama’s call to service and the institutional weight of the NEA, the conference call was billed as an opportunity for those in the art community to inspire service in four key categories, and at the top of the list were “health care” and “energy and environment.” The service was to be attached to the President’s United We Serve campaign, a nationwide federal initiative to make service a way of life for all Americans. <br /><br />It sounded, how should I phrase it…unusual, that the NEA would invite the art community to a meeting to discuss issues currently under vehement national debate. I decided to call in, and what I heard concerned me. <br /><br />...<br /><br />We were encouraged to bring the same sense of enthusiasm to these “focus areas” as we had brought to Obama’s presidential campaign, and we were encouraged to create art and art initiatives that brought awareness to these issues. Throughout the conversation, we were reminded of our ability as artists and art professionals to “shape the lives” of those around us. The now famous Obama “Hope” poster, created by artist Shepard Fairey and promoted by many of those on the phone call, and will.i.am’s “Yes We Can” song and music video were presented as shining examples of our group’s clear role in the election. <br /><br />Obama has a strong arts agenda, we were told, and has been very supportive of both using and supporting the arts in creative ways to talk about the issues facing the country. We were “selected for a reason,” they told us. We had played a key role in the election and now Obama was putting out the call of service to help create change. We knew “how to make a stink,” and were encouraged to do so. <br /><br />Throughout the conversation my inner dialogue was firing away questions so fast that the NRA would’ve been envious. <b>Is this truly the role of the NEA? Is building a message distribution network, for matters other than increasing access to the arts and arts education, the role of the National Endowment for the Arts? Is providing the art community issues to address, especially those that are currently being vehemently debated nationally, a legitimate role for the NEA?</b> I found it highly unlikely that this was in their original charter, so I checked. </blockquote>]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090826-222035</id>
		<issued>2009-08-27T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-27T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Divine Mercy / Sacred Heart image</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090826-221156" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[Another question for the gallery ... Is this image sufficient for a consecration/enshrinement/enthronement of our home to the Sacred Heart? It is a Divine Mercy image with a Sacred Heart in it. <br /><br /><img src="images/DivineMercy1.jpg" width="301" height="400" border="0" alt="" /><br /><br />I was asked whether this ceremony was being done for us by one of the Sacred Heart members or a priest. Our priest does it along with the Missionaries of Charity. Many of our friends have encouraged us to do this. We are supposed to pray a novena and then the priest and the sisters come out to our house for the ceremony. It seemed fairly straightforward although I must admit some confusion has arisen recently about what images are acceptable etc. <br /><br />See <a href="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/comments.php?y=09&amp;m=06&amp;entry=entry090602-083001" target="_blank" >St. Margaret Mary Alacoque - Sacred Heart - Vatican museum</a> for one of my favorite Sacred Heart images. ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090826-221156</id>
		<issued>2009-08-27T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-27T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Peter Paul Rubens - The Resurrection of Christ</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090826-214424" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/images/large/rubens_resurrection_g1.jpg',1113,763,false);"><img src="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/images/large/rubens_resurrection_g1.jpg" width="500" height="343" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />The first Glorious mystery<br /><br />circa 1611-1612]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090826-214424</id>
		<issued>2009-08-27T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-27T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Still want to be a birther? </title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090825-104742" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<img src="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/images/obama_birth.jpg" width="360" height="480" border="0" alt="" />]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090825-104742</id>
		<issued>2009-08-25T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-25T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Francesco Albani - Baptism of Christ</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090824-232058" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/images/large/francesco_albani_baptism_of_christ_l1.jpg',748,590,false);"><img src="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/images/large/francesco_albani_baptism_of_christ_l1.jpg" width="500" height="394" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />The first Luminous mystery<br /><br />1640]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090824-232058</id>
		<issued>2009-08-25T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-25T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090823-202541" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('images/large/William_Holman_Hunt_Finding_Jesus_in_the_Temple_j5.jpg',740,502,false);"><img src="images/large/William_Holman_Hunt_Finding_Jesus_in_the_Temple_j5.jpg" width="500" height="339" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />The fifth Joyful mystery<br /><br />1860]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090823-202541</id>
		<issued>2009-08-24T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-24T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Philippe de Champaigne - The Presentation in the Temple</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090822-182939" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="javascript:openpopup('http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/images/large/Philippe_de_Champaigne_The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_j4.jpg',822,991,false);"><img src="http://earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/images/large/Philippe_de_Champaigne_The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_j4.jpg" width="500" height="603" border="0" alt="" /></a><br />The fourth Joyful mystery<br /><br />1648]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090822-182939</id>
		<issued>2009-08-22T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-22T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<title>Mercatornet does the heavy lifting on the absurdity of the Whole Foods boycott </title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090822-180516" />
		<content type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[<a href="http://www.mercatornet.com/articles/view/whole_foods_whole_health_and_a_whole_big_mess/" target="_blank" >so I don&#039;t have to</a><blockquote>Yet the boycott doesn’t ring true to me. Beyond the obvious involvement of groups like Single Payer Action, an advocacy group that is pushing for a nationalisation of health care period, well beyond President Obama’s call for a government option, there is the insincere morality of those Whole Food shoppers who say they won’t frequent the store in the future.<br /><br />The reasoning for the boycott is that John Mackey has political opinions that are right-wing, anti-union and obviously against true health care reform. Yet if shopping were all about lining up your own politics with the politics of a company CEO, then I would see many more men with ponytails and goatees cycling their way to Costco to pick up milk and organic, shade-grown, fair trade coffee beans (yes, they do sell them). A number of Costco stores in California and the American northwest are unionised and employees at non-union stores get the same wages and benefits as the unionised shops, including salaries of $40,000 or more, a large sum in retailing. It sounds like the type of employer those boycotting Whole Foods would want.<br /><br />Costco co-founders Jeffrey Brotman and Jim Sinegal are not only donors to the Democratic Party, but have been linked to left-wing advocacy groups like MoveOn.org and America Coming Together. Yet I’d bet dollars to doughnuts that Costco’s customer base includes a large number of Republicans and very few of the die-hard liberals calling for an end to Whole Foods over the politics of their CEO. </blockquote>Of course the amazing support that <i>some</i> Republicans have recently shown for Whole Foods strikes me as similarly disingenuous. After all, Whole Foods supposedly supports Planned Parenthood (according to <a href="http://www.fightpp.org/" target="_blank" >Life Decisions International</a>) and there is <i>no doubt</i> what segment of the political spectrum Whole Foods typically panders to.<br /><br />Mecatornet finishes up with<blockquote>This incident is not only another example of the politicisation of food but of the growing partisan divide in America (and other countries); the divide Barack Obama was supposed to heal. <b>How much longer can democracy survive if we cannot even have civil disagreements over how a political question should be solved?</b></blockquote>And that there is 431 feet out of the park .... ]]></content>
		<id>http://www.earlychurchfathers.org/fullcircle/index.php?entry=entry090822-180516</id>
		<issued>2009-08-22T00:00:00Z</issued>
		<modified>2009-08-22T00:00:00Z</modified>
	</entry>
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